Issue |
E3S Web Conf.
Volume 503, 2024
The 9th International Symposium on Applied Chemistry in conjuction with the 5th International Conference on Chemical and Material Engineering (ISAC-ICCME 2023)
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Article Number | 02003 | |
Number of page(s) | 6 | |
Section | Biomass and Bioprocess Engineering | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202450302003 | |
Published online | 20 March 2024 |
Effects of Ethanol: Water Ratio and Reaction Time on Ethyl Levulinate Synthesis from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB)
1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok 16424, Indonesia
2 Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Jambi, Jambi 36361, Indonesia
3 INP, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, 4 allée Emile Monso, CS 84234, 31 432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
4 Research Centre for Biomass Valorization-Universitas Indonesia (RCBV-UI), Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok 16424, Indonesia
* Corresponding author: christopher.wj15@gmail.com; mgozan@ui.ac.id
World energy consumption continues to escalate annually in line with current world development. Meeting this burgeoning demand necessitates the exploration of renewable energy. Biofuel is one of the promising alternatives for renewable energy sources. However, biofuel has a disadvantage in its lower overall performance than fossil fuel. The application of additives such as ethyl levulinate emerges as a potential solution to enhance biofuel performance. This research aims to investigate the effect of ethanol:water ratio and reaction time on the formation of ethyl levulinate from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB). The OPEFB to be utilized was pretreated with 3% NaOH at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:8. The reaction was conducted at 120oC, with varying ethanol:water ratio and reaction time in the presence of H2SO4 as the catalyst. The reaction products were extracted using ethanol and analyzed with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The optimum reaction conditions obtained were 90 minutes and ethanol:water ratio of 99.1:0.9, resulting in a yield of 1.01%.
© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2024
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