Optimization of power, duration, and water in solanesol extraction from virginia nicotiana tabacum l. leaves assisted by microwave-ultrasound using response surface methodology

¹ Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok 16424, Indonesia
² Research Centre for Biomass Valorization-Universitas Indonesia (RCBV-UI), Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok 16424, Indonesia
³ Chemical Engineering Program, Institute Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA), Lampung 35365, Indonesia
⁴ INP, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, 4 allée Emile Monso, CS 84234, 31 432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France

^* Corresponding author: mgozan@ui.ac.id

Abstract

Solanesol is an aliphatic terpene alcohol composed of nine isoprene units with many bioactive benefits and is commonly found in Solanaceae, including tobacco. Solanesol is difficult to synthesize artificially; Therefore, acquisition still relies on extraction. Extraction methods such as microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) have reduced extraction time and solvent consumption. Some variables that influence extraction performance in MAE are solvent selection, extraction time, microwave power, and sample-to-solvent ratio (S/F). This research aims to find the optimum parameters for the extraction of solanesol from Virginia variety tobacco leaves using the response surface methodology approach. This study considered the extraction time (30, 60, and 90 seconds), sample-to-water ratio (S/F) (1:1, 1:3, and 1:6), and microwave power (200, 400, and 600 W) were optimized. Solanesol from the extraction was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the yield response was then processed using Design Expert to obtain optimum variables of MAE. This study shows that the optimum condition for the MAE process was 10 mL of water, with a power of 324.581 W for 30 seconds and a predicted solanesol yield of 2.926%.