Design and Implementation of a Hybrid Solar-Grid-Powered Electric Bicycle

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa

^* Corresponding author: omowunmil@uj.ac.za

Abstract

The transition to electromobility in Sub-Saharan Africa has been slow due to many factors, among which is the uncertainty of the electric grid’s ability to accommodate the additional electrical load from electric vehicles, including electric bicycles. This paper presents the design and implementation of a hybrid solar-grid-powered electric bicycle as an eco-friendly and sustainable transportation solution. The system integrates photovoltaic panels with an electric bicycle to enable off-grid charging from a direct current (DC) source and reduce reliance on the traditional power grid. A Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) charge controller optimises solar energy harvesting and ensures efficient battery charging. A DC-DC boost converter was designed to regulate voltage levels, enhancing power transfer efficiency from solar panels to the battery. The research encompasses subsystem integration, experimental validation, and performance analysis, with test results presented through graphical evaluations of energy generation and consumption, voltage regulation, and overall system performance. Structural stability, battery endurance, and real-world usability are assessed under various conditions. Findings highlight key performance metrics, challenges, and future improvements, reinforcing the potential of solar-assisted electric bicycles in advancing renewable energy adoption in the transportation industry.