Realization of Low Carbon Housing Construction: Analysis of Materials, Energy, Technology, and Policies

¹ Universitas Sebelas Maret, Doctor of Civil Engineering Program, 57126, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia
² Universitas Diponegoro, Doctor of Civil Engineering Program, 50275, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: agung.wibowo@ft.undip.ac.id

Abstract

Residential development emits a lot of carbon, making low-carbon measures essential to meet climate goals. This study investigates how integrated material, energy, technological, and policy interventions might minimize housing construction carbon emissions for sustainable practices. Qualitative research was conducted utilizing Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and the PRISMA framework to achieve rigorous, transparent, and replicable synthesis. Only Scopus was used to search for residential building, low carbon, sustainable materials, energy efficiency, technological advancements, and policy frameworks.Identifying, screening, and choosing peer-reviewed articles published between 2021 and 2025 yielded 16 articles that matched open-access, relevance, and language criteria. Data was analyzed using thematic synthesis to classify findings into material selection, energy efficiency, technical innovation, and governmental intervention.The results show that low-carbon materials, optimal energy design, modern building technologies, and supportive regulations reduce embodied and operational carbon significantly. Bio-based and recyclable materials, passive design, and retrofitting have scalable impact. To encourage adoption, legislative frameworks give incentives and enforce standards for emission tracking and process improvement using BIM and MMC.Finally, coordinated multi-domain solutions enable low-carbon household construction. To duplicate and promote low-carbon housing solutions globally, future research should quantify integrated interventions and context-specific uses in emerging economies.