Converting CO₂ Emissions into Fuel: A Revolutionary and Sustainable Carbon Recycling Approach

Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Balamand, 100 Tripoli, Lebanon

^* Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract

Anthropogenic Global warming, driven by greenhouse gas emissions, especially CO2 from transportation, energy, and industrial sectors, poses severe environmental, social, and economic challenges. These include accelerated climate change, loss of biodiversity, respiratory illnesses, and vector-borne diseases. To mitigate these impacts, the implementation of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) technologies is increasingly advocated. These technologies encompass a range of approaches, including direct air capture, pre- and post-combustion, oxyfuel combustion, and advanced filtration systems, each offering distinct operational benefits and application contexts. Among these, post-combustion capture, particularly using amines as chemical solvents, is considered highly feasible due to its compatibility with existing infrastructure. Integrating CCS and CCU with renewable energy systems presents a viable pathway toward achieving net-zero emissions and fostering sustainable development. For instance, a simulated plant able to convert 25,000 metric tons of CO₂ annually can produce approximately 14 million liters of synthetic fuel. Based on prevailing global fuel prices, this output projects revenues ranging from $10 to $17.5 million. With an initial capital investment of $22 million, the facility demonstrates a payback period of just over two years in domestic markets and under one year in international markets, underscoring its economic viability and environmental significance.