Policy Pathways for Agroclimate Justice: Legal Strategies for Climate-Smart Agriculture and Environmental Rights Protection in Indonesia

Faculty of Law, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: mohammad.hazyar@umy.ac.id

Abstract

The increasing frequency and severity of climate change impacts have threatened Indonesia’s agricultural sustainability, exposing structural vulnerabilities in environmental governance and rural justice. While Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) provides a potential framework for adaptation and mitigation, its policy deployment in Indonesia remains fragmented and insufficiently rights-based. This research investigates the legal and institutional readiness of Indonesia to ensure agroclimate justice by posing two key research questions: To what extent does Indonesia’s legal and policy framework integrate agroclimate adaptation with environmental and human rights protection? and What normative legal strategies are necessary to strengthen the role of CSA in promoting inclusive and equitable agricultural transformation? This study applies a normative legal research methodology encompassing statutory interpretation, policy document analysis, and contextual examination of selected case practices. The results reveal that while Indonesia’s policy landscape acknowledges climate risk in agriculture, it inadequately embeds participatory rights, digital equity, and environmental justice. To address these deficits, this article proposes a restructured CSA framework based on environmental constitutionalism, legal empowerment of local communities, and integrated digital governance. These legal pathways offer a sustainable and inclusive approach to climate adaptation in Indonesia’s agricultural sector.