Optimization of Abaca Fiber Content in Cementitious Composites to Improve Mechanical Performance at Early and Design Ages

¹ Doctoral Program, School of Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
² Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Teuku Umar, Meulaboh, Indonesia
³ Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
⁴ Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract

Carbon emissions from the construction sector-particularly from cement-based concrete-remain a significant challenge to sustainable development goals. Amid decarbonization efforts, abaca fiber (Musa textilis) has emerged as a promising natural reinforcement material due to its high tensile strength, biodegradability, and availability in tropical regions. This study investigates the mechanical performance of concrete reinforced with abaca fiber at dosages of 0.35% and 0.70% by cement weight, using a mix design without chemical admixtures, a fixed water-cement ratio of 0.45, and fiber length of 3.5 cm. Compressive strength tests were conducted on standard cylindrical specimens (150x300 mm) at 7 and 28 days. Results show that both fiber-reinforced mixes improved compressive strength compared to control. The 0.70% dosage achieved the highest strength (40.45 MPa), a 15.02% increase over control, while 0.35% provided a moderate gain (+6.03%) with better mixing stability. The greater strength gain at 28 days suggests enhanced fiber bridging during hydration. These findings enrich empirical data on natural fiber-reinforced concrete and affirm the strategic role of locally sourced biomaterials in low-carbon construction, supporting circular economy principles and advancing the targets of SDGs 11 and 12.