Design of a scaling reduction system for geothermal applications

Paolo Taddei Pardelli; Claretta Tempesti; Andrea Mannelli; Albert Kravos; Alex Sabard; Francesco Fanicchia; Shiladitya Paul; Raziye Şengun; Hakan Alp Sahiller; Ural Halaçoğlu; Ismail Pekdüz; Andri Stefansson; Iwona M. Galeczka

doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202123801014

All issues

Volume 238 (2021)

E3S Web Conf., 238 (2021) 01014

References

Open Access

Issue		E3S Web Conf. Volume 238, 2021 100RES 2020 – Applied Energy Symposium (ICAE), 100% RENEWABLE: Strategies, Technologies and Challenges for a Fossil Free Future


Article Number		01014
Number of page(s)		10
Section		Renewable Energies
DOI		https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123801014
Published online		16 February 2021

I. Gunnarsson, G. Ívarsson, B. Sigfússon, E.Ö. Thrastarson, G. Gíslason, Reducing silica deposition potential in waste waters from Nesjavellir and Hellisheiði power plants, Iceland, in Proceedings World Geothermal Congress, Bali, Indonesia (2010) [Google Scholar]
M. Andhika, M.H. Castañeda, S. Regenspurg, Characterization of silica precipitation at geothermal conditions, in Proceedings World Geothermal Congress, Melbourne, Australia (2015) [Google Scholar]
C. Erlindo, Jr. Angcoy, An experiment on monomeric and polymeric silica precipitation rates from supersaturated solutions, in Geothermal Training Programme, Reports 2006 Number 5 [Google Scholar]
D.B. van den Heuvel, E. Gunnlaugsson, I. Gunnarson, T.M. Stawski, C.L. Peacock, L.G. Benning, Understanding amorphous silica scaling under well-constrained conditions inside geothermal pipelines, in Geothermics 76 (2018) 231-241 [Google Scholar]
S. Arnòrsson, Environmental impact of geothermal energy utilization, in Energy, Waste, and the Environment: a Geochemical Perspective. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 236, 297-336, (2004) [Google Scholar]
T. Sugama, K. Gawlik, Anti-silica fouling coatings in geothermal environments, Material Letters, 57, issue 3 (2002) [Google Scholar]
Y. Lv, M. Liu, Y. Xu, Corrosion and fouling behaviors on modified stainless steel surfaces in simulated oilfield geothermal water, Prot Met Phys Chem Surf 54, 526–535 (2018) [Google Scholar]
T. Yanagase, Y. Suginohara, K. Yanagase, The properties of scales and methods to prevent them, Geothermics, Special issue 2 (1970) [Google Scholar]
I. Gunnarsson, S. Arnòrsson, Treatment of geothermal waste water to prevent silica scaling, in Proceedings World Geothermal Congress, Antalya, Turkey (2005) [Google Scholar]
B. Lindal, H. Kristmannsdóttir, The scaling properties of the effluent water from Kizildere Power Station, Turkey and recommendation for a pilot plant in view of district heating applications, Geothermics, 18, 217-223 (1989) [Google Scholar]
I.M. Galeczka, A. Stefánsson, Chemical Composite of Kizeldere II reinjection water (2020) [Google Scholar]
I.M. Galeczka, A. Stefánsson, J. Prikryl, Silica polymerization rate of re-injection water from Kizeldere II at 40-70°C, 2020 [Google Scholar]
F.A. Setiawan, E. Rahayuningsih, H.T.B.M. Petrus, M.I. Nurpratama, I. Perdana, Kinetics of silica precipitation in geothermal brine with seeds addition: minimizing silica scaling in a cold reinjection system, Geothermal Energy (2019) 7-22. [Google Scholar]
G.A. Icopini, S.L. Brantley, P.J. Heaney, Kinetics of silica oligomerization and nanocolloid formation as a function of pH and ionic strenght at 25°C, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 69, No. 2, pp. 293-303, 2005. [Google Scholar]
X. Zang, T.T. Trinh, R.A. van Santen, A.P.J. Jansen, Mechanism of the Initial Stage of Silicate Oligomerization, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 6613-6625. [Google Scholar]
C.F. Conrad, G.A. Icopini, H. Yasuhara, J.Z. Bandstra, S.L. Brantley, P.J. Heaney, Modeling the kinetics of silica nanocolloid formation and precipitation in geologically relevant aqueous solutions, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 71 (2007) 531-542. [Google Scholar]
F.A. Setiawan, E. Rahayuningsih, H.T.B.M. Petrus, M.I. Nurpratama, I. Perdana, Kinetics of silica precipitation in geothermal brine with seeds addition: minimizing silica scaling in a coldinjection system, Geotherm Energy (2019) 7-22. [Google Scholar]
Report from the commission to the European Parliament, the Counci, the European Economic and Social Committee of the Regions, Energy prices and costs in Europe, 2019. [Google Scholar]
Developing geothermal district heating in Europe, GeoDH Report, 2019. [Google Scholar]
T.P. Dolley, 2017 Minerals Yearbook-SILICA [ADVANCE RELEASE], 2017, USGS science for changing world [Google Scholar]
L. Tocci, T. Pal, I. Pesmazoglou, B. Franchetti, Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC): A Techno-Economic Revie, 2017, Energies [Google Scholar]
S. M. S. Ghoreishi, M. A. Vakilabadi, M. Bidi, A. K. Poorfar, M. Sadeghzadeh, M. H. Ahmadi, T. Ming, Analysis, economical and technical enhancement of an organic Rankine cycle recovering waste heat from an exhaust gas stream, 2019, Energy Science & Engineering [Google Scholar]

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[1] I. Gunnarsson, G. Ívarsson, B. Sigfússon, E.Ö. Thrastarson, G. Gíslason, Reducing silica deposition potential in waste waters from Nesjavellir and Hellisheiði power plants, Iceland, in Proceedings World Geothermal Congress, Bali, Indonesia (2010) [Google Scholar]

[2] M. Andhika, M.H. Castañeda, S. Regenspurg, Characterization of silica precipitation at geothermal conditions, in Proceedings World Geothermal Congress, Melbourne, Australia (2015) [Google Scholar]

[3] C. Erlindo, Jr. Angcoy, An experiment on monomeric and polymeric silica precipitation rates from supersaturated solutions, in Geothermal Training Programme, Reports 2006 Number 5 [Google Scholar]

[4] D.B. van den Heuvel, E. Gunnlaugsson, I. Gunnarson, T.M. Stawski, C.L. Peacock, L.G. Benning, Understanding amorphous silica scaling under well-constrained conditions inside geothermal pipelines, in Geothermics 76 (2018) 231-241 [Google Scholar]

[5] S. Arnòrsson, Environmental impact of geothermal energy utilization, in Energy, Waste, and the Environment: a Geochemical Perspective. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 236, 297-336, (2004) [Google Scholar]

[6] T. Sugama, K. Gawlik, Anti-silica fouling coatings in geothermal environments, Material Letters, 57, issue 3 (2002) [Google Scholar]

[7] Y. Lv, M. Liu, Y. Xu, Corrosion and fouling behaviors on modified stainless steel surfaces in simulated oilfield geothermal water, Prot Met Phys Chem Surf 54, 526–535 (2018) [Google Scholar]

[8] T. Yanagase, Y. Suginohara, K. Yanagase, The properties of scales and methods to prevent them, Geothermics, Special issue 2 (1970) [Google Scholar]

[9] I. Gunnarsson, S. Arnòrsson, Treatment of geothermal waste water to prevent silica scaling, in Proceedings World Geothermal Congress, Antalya, Turkey (2005) [Google Scholar]

[10] B. Lindal, H. Kristmannsdóttir, The scaling properties of the effluent water from Kizildere Power Station, Turkey and recommendation for a pilot plant in view of district heating applications, Geothermics, 18, 217-223 (1989) [Google Scholar]

[11] I.M. Galeczka, A. Stefánsson, Chemical Composite of Kizeldere II reinjection water (2020) [Google Scholar]

[12] I.M. Galeczka, A. Stefánsson, J. Prikryl, Silica polymerization rate of re-injection water from Kizeldere II at 40-70°C, 2020 [Google Scholar]

[13] F.A. Setiawan, E. Rahayuningsih, H.T.B.M. Petrus, M.I. Nurpratama, I. Perdana, Kinetics of silica precipitation in geothermal brine with seeds addition: minimizing silica scaling in a cold reinjection system, Geothermal Energy (2019) 7-22. [Google Scholar]

[14] G.A. Icopini, S.L. Brantley, P.J. Heaney, Kinetics of silica oligomerization and nanocolloid formation as a function of pH and ionic strenght at 25°C, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 69, No. 2, pp. 293-303, 2005. [Google Scholar]

[15] X. Zang, T.T. Trinh, R.A. van Santen, A.P.J. Jansen, Mechanism of the Initial Stage of Silicate Oligomerization, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 6613-6625. [Google Scholar]

[16] C.F. Conrad, G.A. Icopini, H. Yasuhara, J.Z. Bandstra, S.L. Brantley, P.J. Heaney, Modeling the kinetics of silica nanocolloid formation and precipitation in geologically relevant aqueous solutions, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 71 (2007) 531-542. [Google Scholar]

[17] F.A. Setiawan, E. Rahayuningsih, H.T.B.M. Petrus, M.I. Nurpratama, I. Perdana, Kinetics of silica precipitation in geothermal brine with seeds addition: minimizing silica scaling in a coldinjection system, Geotherm Energy (2019) 7-22. [Google Scholar]

[18] Report from the commission to the European Parliament, the Counci, the European Economic and Social Committee of the Regions, Energy prices and costs in Europe, 2019. [Google Scholar]

[19] Developing geothermal district heating in Europe, GeoDH Report, 2019. [Google Scholar]

[20] T.P. Dolley, 2017 Minerals Yearbook-SILICA [ADVANCE RELEASE], 2017, USGS science for changing world [Google Scholar]

[21] L. Tocci, T. Pal, I. Pesmazoglou, B. Franchetti, Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC): A Techno-Economic Revie, 2017, Energies [Google Scholar]

[22] S. M. S. Ghoreishi, M. A. Vakilabadi, M. Bidi, A. K. Poorfar, M. Sadeghzadeh, M. H. Ahmadi, T. Ming, Analysis, economical and technical enhancement of an organic Rankine cycle recovering waste heat from an exhaust gas stream, 2019, Energy Science & Engineering [Google Scholar]