Open Access
| Issue |
E3S Web Conf.
Volume 693, 2026
International Process Metallurgy Conference (IPMC 2025)
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Article Number | 03006 | |
| Number of page(s) | 8 | |
| Section | Pyrometallurgy | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202669303006 | |
| Published online | 09 February 2026 | |
- USGS, Mineral commodity summaries 2025, (2025). https://doi.org/10.3133/mcs2025 [Google Scholar]
- F.K. Crundwell, M.S. Moats, V. Ramachandran, T.G. Robinson, and W.G. Davenport, Overview of the Smelting of Nickel Laterite to Ferronickel, Extractive Metallurgy of Nickel, Cobalt and Platinum Group Metals, 49–53 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-096809-4.10004-8 [Google Scholar]
- G. Hang, Z. Xue, and Y. Wu, Preparation of high-grade ferronickel from low-grade nickel laterite by self-reduction and selective oxidation with CO2-CO gas, Miner. Eng. 151, (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2020.106318 [Google Scholar]
- Nickel Institute, Life cycle data 2025, (2025) [Google Scholar]
- B.C. Pamungkas and H. Hadi, Potential of Biomass Utilization in Rotary Kiln of Nickel Processing Plant, IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 588, (2019). https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/588/1/012006 [Google Scholar]
- H.F. Qinthara, N.M.D.S. Anggraeni, W. Wulandari, D. Sasongko, and T. Hidayat, Torefaksi Biomassa Untuk Campuran Batubara sebagai Reduktor Peleburan Bijih Nikel Saprolit, Bachelor Thesis, Institut Teknologi Bandung, (2023) [Google Scholar]
- E. Sugiarto, A.D.P. Putera, and H.T.B.M. Petrus, Kinetic study of nickel laterite reduction roasting by palm kernel shell charcoal, IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Env. Sci. 65, (2017). https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/65/1/012027 [Google Scholar]
- B. Satritama, Z. Zulhan, T. Hidayat, and N. Halim, Substitusi Batubara dengan Gas Hidrogen atau Biomassa Cangkang Kelapa Sawit pada Peleburan Bijih Nikel Saprolit untuk Produksi Paduan Feronikel, Bachelor Thesis, Institut Teknologi Bandung, (2023) [Google Scholar]
- B. Suharno, N.P. Ilman, A. Shofi, D. Ferdian, and F. Nurjaman, Study of Low-Grade Nickel Laterite Processing Using Palm Shell Charcoal as Reductant, Mat. Sci. For. 1000, 436–446 (2020). https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.1000.436 [Google Scholar]
- B. Satritama, Z. Zulhan, W. Wulandari, D. Sasongko, A.Y. Al Hakim, and T. Hidayat, The Impacts of Temperature, Gas Composition and Reaction Time on the Reduction of Saprolite Nickel Ore Under Hydrogen-Argon Atmosphere, Metal. and Mat. Tran. B: Proc. Metal. and Mat. Proc. Sci. 55, 396–408 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-023-02965-4 [Google Scholar]
- P. Grammelis, N. Margaritis, and E. Karampinis, Solid fuel types for energy generation, Fuel Flex. Ene. Gen., 29–58 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-78242-378-2.00002-X [Google Scholar]
- Sufriadin, D. Adrianus, M.Z. Mubarok, A. Saputno, and A. Ito, Mineralogical transformation and Ni enrichment through reduction roasting of limonite ore from the Tinanggea area, South Konawe, Southeast Sulawesi, IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Env. Sci. 1517, (2025). https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/1517/1/012034 [Google Scholar]
- A.J. Nabilah, B. Satritama, T. Hidayat, P. Taskinen, I. Santoso, H. Kurniadani, and Z. Zulhan, Reduction of saprolite nickel ore using methane-argon gas mixture with laboratory-scale simulated rotary kiln-electric furnace (RKEF) technology, Miner. Eng. 234, (2025). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109776 [Google Scholar]
- G.W. Brindley and R. Hayami, Mechanism of formation of forsterite and enstatite from serpentine, Miner. Mag. and J. of the Miner. Soc. 35, 189–195 (1965). https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1965.035.269.21 [Google Scholar]
- J. Chen, E. Jak, and P.C. Hayes, Factors influencing the microstructures of iron ore sinters, Miner. Proc. and Ext. Metal. 130, 181–191 (2021), https://doi.org/10.1080/25726641.2019.1684712 [Google Scholar]
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.

