Optimization of technological processes in animal husbandry

¹ Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, 1st Institutsky proezd, 5, Moscow, Russian Federation
² Velikie Luki SAA, Lenina prospect, 2, Velikie Luki, Pskov region, Russian Federation
³ St. Petersburg State Agrarian University, St. Petersburg highway, 2, Pushkin, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
⁴ Scientific and Production Association named after S.A. Lavochkin, Moscow, Russian Federation

^* Corresponding author: samaringn@yandex.ru

Abstract

The article is devoted to the topical problem of rational use of energy and nutrient content of feed in obtaining livestock products (milk) from cows by shifting the energy balance of the animal’s body towards “productive energy”, i.e. the synthesis of fat and proteins. The authors would like to point out that one of the main factors influencing fluctuations in the energy balance of an animal are microclimate parameters, as the deviation of the microclimate parameters from the established optimal limits leads to a reduction in milk yields by 10 to 20%. Therefore, the aim of our work is to develop an energy-saving technology for the formation of optimal microclimate in livestock facilities using air conditioning systems, which can regulate most of the parameters of the microclimate inside them, namely: temperature, relative humidity and internal air velocity, concentration of harmful gases (carbon dioxide, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide), dust and microorganisms. The presence of the mode enabling recirculation air purification allows to save heat energy and energy coming with feed by up to 50% compared with typical microclimate systems. To this end, we have systematized separate data from scientific researches done by various scientists in the fields of animal hygiene and veterinary medicine and obtained dependencies of influence of microclimate parameters (temperature, relative humidity, internal air velocity) on the productivity of animals (cows) and feed consumption.