Proposal of an alternative technology for dairy farming in the North Caucasus

¹ Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University, Nalchik, Russia, 360020
² State Veterinary Service of the Republic of Abkhazia, Sukhum, Abkhazia, 384900

^* Corresponding author: baragun_albert@mail.ru

Abstract

The article presents the results of research work in the field of dairy farming. During the study, shortcomings in the technology and technical means of machine milking and primary processing of cow’s milk in the mountainous conditions of farming in the North Caucasus are revealed. The main producers are households, individual entrepreneurs and peasant (farm) households. An alternative technology of machine milking and primary processing of milk with energy-saving technical means of machine milking, manure removal, the use of non-traditional energy sources, assembled into a technological line for milk production is proposed. The results of comparative production tests of a milking machine for operation in foothill and mountainous regions are presented, a characteristic feature of which is operation without breaking the operating mode at elevations above a thousand meters above sea level. The results confirm the advantage of the proposed design in terms of milk excretion rate, productivity, milk quality in terms of fat content, low injury to the milking livestock when using the development. Energy indicators of the advantages of the technology for collecting and utilizing manure with obtaining an additional energy carrier and high-quality organic fertilizer are also given. The proposed technology provides for measures and technical means for the care of the pasture territory in order to exclude violations of the environment and vegetation cover of the rich forbs of the North Caucasian mountain pastures.