Biotechnological bases of the global ecological crisis

¹ Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), 190013, 26 Moskovsky prospect, St. Petersburg, Russia
² Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Moscow Endocrine Plant”, 25, Novokhokhlovskaya Str., 109052, Moscow, Russia

^* Corresponding author: 7731254@mail.ru

Abstract

Anthropogenic impacts on nature endangered the normal implementation of its inherent biotic processes, upset the balance of the state of the biosphere. The most important function of any biocenosis, biogeocenosis and biosphere is the regular recreation of living matter and the energy accumulated in it. Meanwhile, it is the soil cover that ultimately takes on the pressure of the flow of industrial and municipal emissions and waste, performing the most important role of a buffer and detoxifier. The soil accumulates heavy metals, pesticides, hydrocarbons, detergents and other chemical pollutants, thereby preventing their entry into natural waters and purifying the atmospheric air from them. On the other hand, the same substances or their derivatives, as well as heavy metals, fluorine, nitrogen and sulfur oxides in their original or transformed form, are intensively bound by mineral and organic substances of the soil, which sharply reduces their availability to plants and, accordingly, the general level of toxicity. Zinc content in soil ranges from 10 to 800 mg / kg, although most often it is 30-50 mg / kg. The greatest buffer capacity and the ability to reduce the negative impact of pollutants on plant and animal organisms are found in soils with a high humus content, with a heavy particle size distribution, high absorption capacity, enriched with lime materials (carbonates).