Production of soil fruit by measurement and fixment of soy salom

Federal State Budget Scientific Institution Federal Research Center "All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Soybean", 19, Ignatievskoe sh., Blagoveshchensk, Amur Region, 675027, Russia

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Abstract

Researched biometric indicators of soybean plants of various varieties for 20 years, selected from farms of various municipal districts and districts of the Amur region. The chemical composition and content of fiber, protein, nitrogen-free extractive substances of straw during decomposition in the soil provides high nutrition for living soil organisms. Analyzed, that soil biota, which destroys the biological mass of the soy root system and stems, forms substances necessary for the growth and development of plants and contributes to increasing the yield of crops in crop rotation. After the death of the root systems and decay of the remnants of the root, the resulting pores serve as moisture conductors to the upper of the arable layers and increase the water permeability of the soil, which contribute to the deep penetration of the root system of the subsequent culture into it. Justified criteria for optimizing the size of the crushed soy straw particles, for optimal soil decomposition, and the length of the particles is equal to 100 mm with a content in the total crushed pile of up to 90%. Proposed use the cutting segment of the harvester for grinding. Grinding knives on the rotor drum are placed bi-directionally along the screw line, where each first row is balanced by the corresponding working body of the second row. Two-stage and uniform placement of the working organs around the circumference of the grinding drum provides a decrease in the pulsation of the load. Installed, soybean in the Amur region, at present, still dominates the structure of field crops and occupies up to one million people. It increases the index of technological efficiency of cultivation, which in the four years of the current five-year plan increased by 1.25 times compared with the previous five-year plan. In which, along with other indicators of intensification of crop production, a significant role is played by grinding soybean stems by 90% with a particle length of 100 mm and their soil sealing.