Solar radiation and street temperature as function of street orientation. An analysis of the status quo and simulation of future scenarios towards sustainability in Bahrain

Joao Pinelo Silva

doi:10.1051/e3sconf/20172302002

All issues

Volume 23 (2017)

E3S Web Conf., 23 (2017) 02002

References

Open Access

Issue		E3S Web Conf. Volume 23, 2017 World Renewable Energy Congress-17


Article Number		02002
Number of page(s)		15
Section		2. Low Energy Architecture
DOI		https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20172302002
Published online		20 November 2017

APPLEYARD, D., GERSON, M. S., LINTELL, M., ÊTATS, U. & FEDERAL HIGHWAY, A. 1976. Liveable urban streets managing auto traffic in neighborhoods : final report : prepared for Federal Highway Administration, Department of Transportation, Washington, U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration : for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off. [Google Scholar]
GEHL, J. & GEMZØE, L. 1999. Public spaces – public life : Copenhagen 1996, Copenhagen, Danish Architectural Press. [Google Scholar]
GEHL, J. 2006. Life between the buildings : using public space, Copenhagen, Danish Architectural Press. [Google Scholar]
MARSHALL, S. 2005. Streets and patterns : the structure of urban geometry, London : Spon. [Google Scholar]
HILLIER, B. & HANSON, J. 1984. The social logic of space, Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
JEON, C. Y., LOKKEN, R. P., HU, F. B. & VAN DAM, R. M. 2007. Physical Activity of Moderate Intensity and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A systematic review. Diabetes Care, 30, 744–752. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
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TRANSPORT FOR LONDON, L. 2005. Improving Walkability. London, England. [Google Scholar]
LAND TRANSPORT NEW ZEALAND, Z. 2007. Pedestrian Planning and Design Guide. Wellington: New Zealand. [Google Scholar]
EWING, R. & CERVERO, R. 2010. Travel and the Built Environment. Journal of the American Planning Association, 76, 265-294. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
RYUS, P. 2014. Guidebook on pedestrian and bicycle volume data collection, Washington, DC, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
ZACHARIAS, J., STATHOPOULOS, T. & WU, H. 2004. Spatial Behavior in San Francisco’s Plazas: The Effects of Microclimate, Other People, and Environmental Design. Environment and Behavior, 36, 638-658. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
ALJAWABRA, F. & NIKOLOPOULOU, M. 2010. Influence of hot arid climate on the use of outdoor urban spaces and thermal comfort: Do cultural and social backgrounds matter? Intelligent Buildings International, 2, 198–217. [Google Scholar]
NIKOLOPOULOU, M. & STEEMERS, K. 2003. Thermal comfort and psychological adaptation as a guide for designing urban spaces. Energy and Buildings, 35, 95–101. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
FANGER, P. O. 1982. Thermal comfort : analysis and applications in environmental engineering, Malabar, Fla., R.E. Krieger Pub. Co. [Google Scholar]
NIKOLOPOULOU, M. A. B., NICK AND STEEMERS, KOEN 2001. Thermal comfort in outdoor urban spaces: understanding the human parameter. Solar energy, 70, 227–235. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
RUPP, R. F., VÁSQUEZ, N. G. & LAMBERTS, R. 2015. A review of human thermal comfort in the built environment. Energy and Buildings, 105, 178–205. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
WANG, Z. 2006. A field study of the thermal comfort in residential buildings in Harbin. Building and Environment, 41, 1034–1039. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
KARJALAINEN, S. 2007. Gender differences in thermal comfort and use of thermostats in everyday thermal environments. Building and Environment, 42, 1594–1603. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
KARJALAINEN, S. 2012. Thermal comfort and gender: a literature review. Indoor Air, 22, 96–109. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
TUNG, C.-H., CHEN, C.-P., TSAI, K.-T., KÁNTOR, N., HWANG, R.-L., MATZARAKIS, A. & LIN, T.-P. 2014. Outdoor thermal comfort characteristics in the hot and humid region from a gender perspective. International journal of biometeorology, 58, 1927–1939 %@ 0020-7128. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
NUNEZ, M. & OKE, T. R. 1977. The Energy Balance of an Urban Canyon. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 16, 11–19. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
ALI-TOUDERT, F. & MAYER, H. 2006. Numerical study on the effects of aspect ratio and orientation of an urban street canyon on outdoor thermal comfort in hot and dry climate. Building and Environment, 41, 94–108. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
MAYER, H. & HÖPPE, P. 1987. Thermal comfort of man in different urban environments. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 38, 43–49. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
MAYER, M. 1993. Urban bioclimatology. Experientia, 49, 957. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
HOWARD, L. F. R. S. 1818. The climate of London, deduced from Meteorological observations, made at different places in the neighbourhood of the metropolis, London. [Google Scholar]
TURNER, A. 2007. From axial to road-centre lines: a new representation for space syntax and a new model of route choice for transport network analysis. Environment and Planning B-Planning & Design, 34, 539–555. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
R Core Team (2016). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL https://www.R-project.org/ [Google Scholar]
H. WICKAM. ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. Springer-Verlag New York, 2009. [Google Scholar]
KARIMINIA, S., AHMAD, S. S. & SABERI, A. 2015. Microclimatic Conditions of an Urban Square: Role of Built Environment and Geometry. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 170, 718–727. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

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[1] APPLEYARD, D., GERSON, M. S., LINTELL, M., ÊTATS, U. & FEDERAL HIGHWAY, A. 1976. Liveable urban streets managing auto traffic in neighborhoods : final report : prepared for Federal Highway Administration, Department of Transportation, Washington, U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration : for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off. [Google Scholar]

[2] GEHL, J. & GEMZØE, L. 1999. Public spaces – public life : Copenhagen 1996, Copenhagen, Danish Architectural Press. [Google Scholar]

[3] GEHL, J. 2006. Life between the buildings : using public space, Copenhagen, Danish Architectural Press. [Google Scholar]

[4] MARSHALL, S. 2005. Streets and patterns : the structure of urban geometry, London : Spon. [Google Scholar]

[5] HILLIER, B. & HANSON, J. 1984. The social logic of space, Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

[6] JEON, C. Y., LOKKEN, R. P., HU, F. B. & VAN DAM, R. M. 2007. Physical Activity of Moderate Intensity and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A systematic review. Diabetes Care, 30, 744–752. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[7] LEE, I. M., SHIROMA, E. J., LOBELO, F., PUSKA, P., BLAIR, S. N. & KATZMARZYK, P. T. 2012. Impact of Physical Inactivity on the World’s Major Non-Communicable Diseases. Lancet, 380, 219–229. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[8] WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, 2013, Global Action Plan for the Prevention and control of Noncommunicable Diseases 2013-2020. WHO Press, Geneva. [Google Scholar]

[9] TRANSPORT FOR LONDON, L. 2005. Improving Walkability. London, England. [Google Scholar]

[10] LAND TRANSPORT NEW ZEALAND, Z. 2007. Pedestrian Planning and Design Guide. Wellington: New Zealand. [Google Scholar]

[11] EWING, R. & CERVERO, R. 2010. Travel and the Built Environment. Journal of the American Planning Association, 76, 265-294. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

[12] RYUS, P. 2014. Guidebook on pedestrian and bicycle volume data collection, Washington, DC, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

[13] ZACHARIAS, J., STATHOPOULOS, T. & WU, H. 2004. Spatial Behavior in San Francisco’s Plazas: The Effects of Microclimate, Other People, and Environmental Design. Environment and Behavior, 36, 638-658. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

[14] ALJAWABRA, F. & NIKOLOPOULOU, M. 2010. Influence of hot arid climate on the use of outdoor urban spaces and thermal comfort: Do cultural and social backgrounds matter? Intelligent Buildings International, 2, 198–217. [Google Scholar]

[15] NIKOLOPOULOU, M. & STEEMERS, K. 2003. Thermal comfort and psychological adaptation as a guide for designing urban spaces. Energy and Buildings, 35, 95–101. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

[16] FANGER, P. O. 1982. Thermal comfort : analysis and applications in environmental engineering, Malabar, Fla., R.E. Krieger Pub. Co. [Google Scholar]

[17] NIKOLOPOULOU, M. A. B., NICK AND STEEMERS, KOEN 2001. Thermal comfort in outdoor urban spaces: understanding the human parameter. Solar energy, 70, 227–235. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

[18] RUPP, R. F., VÁSQUEZ, N. G. & LAMBERTS, R. 2015. A review of human thermal comfort in the built environment. Energy and Buildings, 105, 178–205. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

[19] WANG, Z. 2006. A field study of the thermal comfort in residential buildings in Harbin. Building and Environment, 41, 1034–1039. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

[20] KARJALAINEN, S. 2007. Gender differences in thermal comfort and use of thermostats in everyday thermal environments. Building and Environment, 42, 1594–1603. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

[21] KARJALAINEN, S. 2012. Thermal comfort and gender: a literature review. Indoor Air, 22, 96–109. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[22] TUNG, C.-H., CHEN, C.-P., TSAI, K.-T., KÁNTOR, N., HWANG, R.-L., MATZARAKIS, A. & LIN, T.-P. 2014. Outdoor thermal comfort characteristics in the hot and humid region from a gender perspective. International journal of biometeorology, 58, 1927–1939 %@ 0020-7128. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[23] NUNEZ, M. & OKE, T. R. 1977. The Energy Balance of an Urban Canyon. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 16, 11–19. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

[24] ALI-TOUDERT, F. & MAYER, H. 2006. Numerical study on the effects of aspect ratio and orientation of an urban street canyon on outdoor thermal comfort in hot and dry climate. Building and Environment, 41, 94–108. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

[25] MAYER, H. & HÖPPE, P. 1987. Thermal comfort of man in different urban environments. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 38, 43–49. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

[26] MAYER, M. 1993. Urban bioclimatology. Experientia, 49, 957. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[27] HOWARD, L. F. R. S. 1818. The climate of London, deduced from Meteorological observations, made at different places in the neighbourhood of the metropolis, London. [Google Scholar]

[28] TURNER, A. 2007. From axial to road-centre lines: a new representation for space syntax and a new model of route choice for transport network analysis. Environment and Planning B-Planning & Design, 34, 539–555. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

[29] R Core Team (2016). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL https://www.R-project.org/ [Google Scholar]

[30] H. WICKAM. ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. Springer-Verlag New York, 2009. [Google Scholar]

[31] KARIMINIA, S., AHMAD, S. S. & SABERI, A. 2015. Microclimatic Conditions of an Urban Square: Role of Built Environment and Geometry. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 170, 718–727. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]