Research on properties of solidified loess with calcined ginger nuts in rammed earth for sapping area of earthen sites

Qifeng Li; Bing Dang; Chuipeng Kong; Erxing Peng; Wei Cao; Xiaoying Hu; Dandan Li

doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202126901005

All issues

Volume 269 (2021)

E3S Web Conf., 269 (2021) 01005

References

Open Access

Issue		E3S Web Conf. Volume 269, 2021 2021 International Conference on Environmental Engineering, Agricultural Pollution and Hydraulical Studies (EEAPHS 2021)


Article Number		01005
Number of page(s)		7
Section		Environmental Engineering
DOI		https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126901005
Published online		09 June 2021

E. Fodde, Traditional earthen building techniques in central Asia, Int J Archit Herit, 3, 145-168 (2009) [Google Scholar]
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E. Fodde, Structural faults in earthen archaeological sites in central Asia: analysis and repair methods, in Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historic Construction, 1415-1422 (2008) [Google Scholar]
P. A. Jaquin, C. E. Augarde, and C. M. Gerrard, Chronological description of the spatial development of rammed earth techniques, Int J Archit Heri: Conservation, Analysis, and Restoration, 2, 377-400 (2008) [Google Scholar]
F. Pacheco-Torgal and S. Jalali, Earth construction: lessons from the past for future eco-efficient construction, Constr Build Mater, 29, 512-519 (2012) [Google Scholar]
L. Li, M. Shao, S. Wang, Preservation of earthen heritage sites on the Silk Road, northwest China from the impact of the environment, Environ Earth Sci, 64, 1625-1639 (2011) [Google Scholar]
Y. Fujii, E. Fodde, K. Watanabe, and K. Murakami, Digital photogrammetry for the documentation of structural damage in earthen archaeological sites: the case of Ajina Tepa, Tajikistan, Eng Geol, 105, 124-133 (2009) [Google Scholar]
E. Fodde, K. Watanabe, and Y. Fujii, Preservation of earthen sites in remote areas: the Buddhist monastery of Ajina Tepa, Tajikistan, Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites, 9, 194-218 (2007) [Google Scholar]
P. Jaquin, Study of historic rammed earth structures in Spain and India, Struct Eng, 86, 26-32 (2008) [Google Scholar]
H. Y. Zhao, Z. X. Li, W. F. Han, X. D. Wang, and W. W. Chen, Main diseases and their causes of earthen ruins in arid region of Northwestern China, Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 22, 2875-2880 (2003), In Chinese [Google Scholar]
Q.-B. Bui, T.-T. Bui, R. El-Nabouch, D.-K. Thai, Humberto Varum, Vertical Rods as a Seismic Reinforcement Technique for Rammed Earth Walls: An Assessment, Adv Civ Eng, 2019 (2019) [Google Scholar]
P. Jaquin, Study of historic rammed earth structures in Spain and India, Struct Eng, 86, 26-32 (2008) [Google Scholar]
Z. X. Li, Research on protection and reinforcement of earthen sites of ancient silk road in China, Academic Report on the 60th Anniversary of the Founding of Gansu Pprovince Chemical Society and the 23rd Annual Meeting Proceedings, (2003), In Chinese [Google Scholar]
Z. Dong, et al., Experimental Studies on Earthen Architecture Sites Consolidated with BS Materials in Arid Regions. J Eng, 1-13 (2016) [Google Scholar]
J. Q. Zeng, P. F. Chen, J. K. Zhang, Evaluation of reinforcement effect of ramming roof for simulated archeological soil sites in humid environment, Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology, 28, 78--84 (2016), In Chinese [Google Scholar]
K. Liu, M. Wang, and Y. Wang, Seismic retrofitting of rural rammed earth buildings using externally bonded fibers, Constr Build Mater, 100, 91-101 (2015) [Google Scholar]
Y. Melloh, Pull-down test of the rammed earth walls at Paga Lhakhang in the kingdom of bhutan, Sustainable Construction and Design, 303-311 (2014) [Google Scholar]
Y. Wang, M. Wang, et al., Shaking table tests on seismic retrofitting of rammed-earth structures, B Earthq Eng, 15, 1037-1055 (2016) [Google Scholar]
L Miccoli, U Miller, P Fontana, Mechanical behaviour of earthen materials: A comparison between earth block masonry, rammed earth and cob, Constr Build Mater, 61, 327-339 (2014) [Google Scholar]
P. C. Zhang, S. D. Lang, Study on the Geochemical Characteristics of Dadiwan Site in Qinan, Gansu Province, Cultural Relics, 21-30, (1983), In Chinese [Google Scholar]
L. Li, L. Y. Zhao, Research on Ancient Lime Materials in China, Cultural Relics Publishing House, 297-354 (2015), In Chinese [Google Scholar]
Z. X. Li, X. D. Wang, M. L. Sun, W. W. Chen, Q. L. Guo, H.Y. Zhang, Conservation of Jiaohe ancient earthen site in China, J Rock Mech Geotech, 3, (2011) [Google Scholar]
Z. X. Li, L. Y. Zhao, L. Li, et al., Research on the modification of two traditional building materials in ancient China, Herit Sci, 1, (2013) [Google Scholar]
J. K. Zhang, W. W. Chen, Z. X. Li, X. D. Wang, Q. L. Guo, N. Wang, Study on workability and durability of calcined ginger nuts-based grouts used in anchoring conservation of earthen sites, J Cult Herit, 16, (2015) [Google Scholar]
L. Y. Zhao, L. Li, Z. X. Li, J. H. Wang, Study on two traditional silicate materials in ancient Chinese architecture, Journal of Inorganic Materials, 26, 1327-1334 (2011), In Chinese [Google Scholar]
Nanjing Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research. GB/ T 50123-2019 Standard for Geotechnical Test Method. Beijing: China Water Resources and Hydropower Press, (2019), In Chinese [Google Scholar]
Y. Rong, Application of Colorimetry in Archaeology of Cultural Relics, Journal of Xianyang Normal University, 4, 22--25 (2014), In Chinese [Google Scholar]
J. F. Zhang, Evaluation of color difference in chemical reinforcement protection of earthen ruins, China cultural Heitage Scenific Reserch, 51-57 (2016), In Chinese [Google Scholar]
W. C. Chen, S. J. Wang, L. Li, X. B. Zhang, Y. B. Wang, Experimental study on mechanical properties of modified ginger nuts material, Rock Soil Mech, 39, 1796-1804 (2018), In Chinese [Google Scholar]

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[1] E. Fodde, Traditional earthen building techniques in central Asia, Int J Archit Herit, 3, 145-168 (2009) [Google Scholar]

[2] A. A. Charnov, 100 years of site maintenance and repair: conservation of earthen archaeological sites in the American Southwest, Journal of Architectural Conservation, 17, 59-75 (2011) [Google Scholar]

[3] E. Fodde, Structural faults in earthen archaeological sites in central Asia: analysis and repair methods, in Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historic Construction, 1415-1422 (2008) [Google Scholar]

[4] P. A. Jaquin, C. E. Augarde, and C. M. Gerrard, Chronological description of the spatial development of rammed earth techniques, Int J Archit Heri: Conservation, Analysis, and Restoration, 2, 377-400 (2008) [Google Scholar]

[5] F. Pacheco-Torgal and S. Jalali, Earth construction: lessons from the past for future eco-efficient construction, Constr Build Mater, 29, 512-519 (2012) [Google Scholar]

[6] L. Li, M. Shao, S. Wang, Preservation of earthen heritage sites on the Silk Road, northwest China from the impact of the environment, Environ Earth Sci, 64, 1625-1639 (2011) [Google Scholar]

[7] Y. Fujii, E. Fodde, K. Watanabe, and K. Murakami, Digital photogrammetry for the documentation of structural damage in earthen archaeological sites: the case of Ajina Tepa, Tajikistan, Eng Geol, 105, 124-133 (2009) [Google Scholar]

[8] E. Fodde, K. Watanabe, and Y. Fujii, Preservation of earthen sites in remote areas: the Buddhist monastery of Ajina Tepa, Tajikistan, Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites, 9, 194-218 (2007) [Google Scholar]

[9] P. Jaquin, Study of historic rammed earth structures in Spain and India, Struct Eng, 86, 26-32 (2008) [Google Scholar]

[10] H. Y. Zhao, Z. X. Li, W. F. Han, X. D. Wang, and W. W. Chen, Main diseases and their causes of earthen ruins in arid region of Northwestern China, Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 22, 2875-2880 (2003), In Chinese [Google Scholar]

[11] Q.-B. Bui, T.-T. Bui, R. El-Nabouch, D.-K. Thai, Humberto Varum, Vertical Rods as a Seismic Reinforcement Technique for Rammed Earth Walls: An Assessment, Adv Civ Eng, 2019 (2019) [Google Scholar]

[12] P. Jaquin, Study of historic rammed earth structures in Spain and India, Struct Eng, 86, 26-32 (2008) [Google Scholar]

[13] Z. X. Li, Research on protection and reinforcement of earthen sites of ancient silk road in China, Academic Report on the 60th Anniversary of the Founding of Gansu Pprovince Chemical Society and the 23rd Annual Meeting Proceedings, (2003), In Chinese [Google Scholar]

[14] Z. Dong, et al., Experimental Studies on Earthen Architecture Sites Consolidated with BS Materials in Arid Regions. J Eng, 1-13 (2016) [Google Scholar]

[15] J. Q. Zeng, P. F. Chen, J. K. Zhang, Evaluation of reinforcement effect of ramming roof for simulated archeological soil sites in humid environment, Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology, 28, 78--84 (2016), In Chinese [Google Scholar]

[16] K. Liu, M. Wang, and Y. Wang, Seismic retrofitting of rural rammed earth buildings using externally bonded fibers, Constr Build Mater, 100, 91-101 (2015) [Google Scholar]

[17] Y. Melloh, Pull-down test of the rammed earth walls at Paga Lhakhang in the kingdom of bhutan, Sustainable Construction and Design, 303-311 (2014) [Google Scholar]

[18] Y. Wang, M. Wang, et al., Shaking table tests on seismic retrofitting of rammed-earth structures, B Earthq Eng, 15, 1037-1055 (2016) [Google Scholar]

[19] L Miccoli, U Miller, P Fontana, Mechanical behaviour of earthen materials: A comparison between earth block masonry, rammed earth and cob, Constr Build Mater, 61, 327-339 (2014) [Google Scholar]

[20] P. C. Zhang, S. D. Lang, Study on the Geochemical Characteristics of Dadiwan Site in Qinan, Gansu Province, Cultural Relics, 21-30, (1983), In Chinese [Google Scholar]

[21] L. Li, L. Y. Zhao, Research on Ancient Lime Materials in China, Cultural Relics Publishing House, 297-354 (2015), In Chinese [Google Scholar]

[22] Z. X. Li, X. D. Wang, M. L. Sun, W. W. Chen, Q. L. Guo, H.Y. Zhang, Conservation of Jiaohe ancient earthen site in China, J Rock Mech Geotech, 3, (2011) [Google Scholar]

[23] Z. X. Li, L. Y. Zhao, L. Li, et al., Research on the modification of two traditional building materials in ancient China, Herit Sci, 1, (2013) [Google Scholar]

[24] J. K. Zhang, W. W. Chen, Z. X. Li, X. D. Wang, Q. L. Guo, N. Wang, Study on workability and durability of calcined ginger nuts-based grouts used in anchoring conservation of earthen sites, J Cult Herit, 16, (2015) [Google Scholar]

[25] L. Y. Zhao, L. Li, Z. X. Li, J. H. Wang, Study on two traditional silicate materials in ancient Chinese architecture, Journal of Inorganic Materials, 26, 1327-1334 (2011), In Chinese [Google Scholar]

[26] Nanjing Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research. GB/ T 50123-2019 Standard for Geotechnical Test Method. Beijing: China Water Resources and Hydropower Press, (2019), In Chinese [Google Scholar]

[27] Y. Rong, Application of Colorimetry in Archaeology of Cultural Relics, Journal of Xianyang Normal University, 4, 22--25 (2014), In Chinese [Google Scholar]

[28] J. F. Zhang, Evaluation of color difference in chemical reinforcement protection of earthen ruins, China cultural Heitage Scenific Reserch, 51-57 (2016), In Chinese [Google Scholar]

[29] W. C. Chen, S. J. Wang, L. Li, X. B. Zhang, Y. B. Wang, Experimental study on mechanical properties of modified ginger nuts material, Rock Soil Mech, 39, 1796-1804 (2018), In Chinese [Google Scholar]