Open Access
| Issue |
E3S Web Conf.
Volume 680, 2025
The 4th International Conference on Energy and Green Computing (ICEGC’2025)
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Article Number | 00064 | |
| Number of page(s) | 13 | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202568000064 | |
| Published online | 19 December 2025 | |
- D. Kotur, P. Stefanov, Optimal power flow control in the system with offshore wind power plants connected to the mtdc network, International Journal of Electrical Power Energy Systems 105, 142 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2018.08.012 [Google Scholar]
- A.S. Kumar, B.P. Padhy, Adaptive droop control strategy for autonomous power sharing and dc voltage control in wind farm-mtdc grids, IET Renewable Power Generation 13, 3180 – 3190 (2019). 10.1049/iet-rpg.2019.0027 [Google Scholar]
- Z. Li, Y. Li, R. Zhan, Y. He, X.P. Zhang, Ac grids characteristics oriented multi-point voltage coordinated control strategy for vsc-mtdc, IEEE Access 7, 7728 (2019). 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2890406 [Google Scholar]
- W. Wu, X. Wu, L. Wang, T. Zhao, L. Jing, J. Li, Active damping control of multiport dc power flow controller for mmc-mtdc with unbalanced ac grid, IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics 9, 7395 (2021). 10.1109/JESTPE.2020.3007734 [Google Scholar]
- Y. Zhang, A.M. Shotorbani, L. Wang, W. Li, Distributed voltage regulation and automatic power sharing in multi-terminal hvdc grids, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 35, 3739 (2020). 10.1109/TPWRS.2020.2986168 [Google Scholar]
- S. Li, T.A. Haskew, L. Xu, Control of hvdc light system using conventional and direct current vector control approaches, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 25, 3106 (2010). 10.1109/TPEL.2010.2087363 [Google Scholar]
- B. Zhu, X. Chen, X. Luo, Vsc control strategy for hvdc compensating harmonic components, Energy Reports 9, 1101 (2023), 2022 The 3rd International Conference on Power Engineering. 10.1016/j.egyr.2023.06.055 [Google Scholar]
- A.K. Mishra, S.M. Tripathi, O. Singh, A.K. Srivastava, T. Venkatraman, R.R. Vijayaraghavan, S. Kumar, R.M. Elavarasan, L. Mihet-Popa, Performance assessment of vsc-based hvdc system in asynchronous grid interconnection: Offline and real-time validation of control design with symmetric optimum pi tuning, Heliyon 10, e35624 (2024). 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35624 [Google Scholar]
- J. Li, Y. Li, M. Wang, S. Wang, Z. Xu, G. Song, Analytical dc-side stabilizing conditions for hybrid hvdc links based on dominant frequency model reduction, Energy Reports 9, 806 (2023), selected papers from 2022 International Conference on Frontiers of Energy and Environment Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2023.04.103 [Google Scholar]
- S.S. Biswal, D.R. Swain, P.K.R. and, Optimal fractional pi controller-based vsc-hvdc system with lcl filter design, International Journal of Ambient Energy 45, 2372679 (2024). 10.1080/01430750.2024.2372679 [Google Scholar]
- Q. Yang, Y. Chen, Y. Lin, X. Chen, J. Wen, Pi consensus-based integrated distributed control of mmc-mtdc systems, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 38, 2333 (2023). 10.1109/TPWRS.2022.3179530 [Google Scholar]
- Z. Rao, Z. Zhang, S. Huang, Z. Long, G. Wu, Characteristics and current harmonic control of n* three-phase pmsg for hvdc transmission based on mmc, Energies 13 (2020). 10.3390/en13010178 [Google Scholar]
- Q. Yang, M. Saeedifard, M.A. Perez, Sliding mode control of the modular multilevel converter, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 66, 887 (2019). 10.1109/TIE.2018.2818657 [Google Scholar]
- M. Zhang, W. Wang, J. Ding, Study on improved droop control strategy of mmc-mtdc system based on novel sliding mode control, Energy Reports 7, 1258 (2021), 2021 International Conference on Energy Engineering and Power Systems. 10.1016/j.egyr.2021.09.138 [Google Scholar]
- T. Parida, N. Nayak, Stability improvement of VSC-HVDC based multi machine power system using optimized super twisting sliding mode controller, International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 9, 4871 (2019). 10.35940/i-jeat.A1861.109119 [Google Scholar]
- M. Benadja, M. Rezkallah, S. Benhalima, A. Hamadi, A. Chandra, Hardware testing of sliding mode controller for improved performance of vsc-hvdc based offshore wind farm under dc fault, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 55, 2053 (2019). 10.1109/TIA.2018.2878539 [Google Scholar]
- D.R. Swain, S.S. Biswal, P.K. Rout, P.K. Ray, R.K. Jena, Adaptive hierarchical fractional-order sliding mode control strategy for multi-terminal vsc-hvdc system with wind farm, Periodica Polytechnica Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 68, 157–167 (2024). 10.3311/PPee.22147 [Google Scholar]
- F. Li, S. Peng, Y. Wang, H. Yu, Z. Huang, Z. Zhao, Improved sliding mode direct power control for low-carbon oriented mmc-hvdc of asymmetric offshore wind power flexible systems, Frontiers in Energy Research Volume 12 - 2024 (2024). 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1373253 [Google Scholar]
- F. Gharaghani, M. Asadi, Robust sliding mode control for the mmc-hvdc transmission system with scr uncertainty, IET Power Electronics 17, 2549 (2024), https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1049/pel2.12805. 10.1049/pel2.12805 [Google Scholar]
- C. Hu, Y. Ma, J. Yu, L. Zhao, Dynamic surface backstepping control for voltage source converter-high voltage direct current transmission grid side converter systems, Electronics 9 (2020). 10.3390/electronics9020333 [Google Scholar]
- M. Ahmadijokani, M. Mehrasa, M. Sleiman, M. Sharifzadeh, A. Sheikholeslami, K. Al-Haddad, A back-stepping control method for modular multilevel converters, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 68, 443 (2021). 10.1109/TIE.2019.2962455 [Google Scholar]
- M. Ojwok Ajangnay, G. Philip Adam, Steady-state and transient assessments of integral back-stepping current controllers in high-voltage direct current transmission systems, International Journal of Electrical Power Energy Systems 142, 108242 (2022). 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108242 [Google Scholar]
- Z. Li, Q. Hao, F. Gao, L. Wu, M. Guan, Nonlinear decoupling control of two-terminal mmc-hvdc based on feedback linearization, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 34, 376 (2019). 10.1109/TPWRD.2018.2883761 [Google Scholar]
- B. Shao, S. Zhao, Y. Yang, B. Gao, L. Wang, F. Blaabjerg, Nonlinear subsynchronous oscillation damping controller for direct-drive wind farms with vsc-hvdc systems, IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics 10, 2842 (2022). 10.1109/JESTPE.2020.3025081 [Google Scholar]
- M. Ebrahim, M. Ahmed, H. Ramadan, M. Becherif, J. Zhao, Optimal metaheuristic-based sliding mode control of vsc-hvdc transmission systems, Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 179, 178 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matcom.2020.08.009 [Google Scholar]
- M.A. Khan, X. Li, M.Z. Yousaf, A. Mustafa, M. Wei, Metaheuristic based solution for the non-linear controller of the multiterminal high-voltage direct current networks, Energies 14 (2021). 10.3390/en14061578 [Google Scholar]
- C. Hirsching, S. de Jongh, D. Eser, M. Suriyah, T. Leibfried, Meta-heuristic optimization of control structure and design for mmc-hvdc applications, Electric Power Systems Research 213, 108371 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2022.108371 [Google Scholar]
- M.Z. Yousaf, A. Raza, G. Abbas, N. Ullah, A.A. Al-Ahmadi, A.R. Yasin, M. Jamil, Mtdc grids: A metaheuristic solution for nonlinear control, Energies 15 (2022). 10.3390/en15124263 [Google Scholar]
- S.F. Faisal, A.R. Beig, S. Thomas, Time domain particle swarm optimization of pi controllers for bidirectional vsc hvdc light system, Energies 13 (2020). 10.3390/en13040866 [Google Scholar]
- H. Kadhum, A.J. Watson, M. Rivera, P. Zanchetta, P. Wheeler, Model predictive control of a modular multilevel converter with reduced computational burden, Energies 17 (2024). 10.3390/en17112519 [Google Scholar]
- R. Mourouvin, L. Filliot, A. Ghyselinck, J. Dai, S. Bacha, D. Georges, A. Benchaib, Real-time hierarchical mpc applied to an mmc in grid-forming mode: Implementation and validation in power hardware-in-the-loop, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 38, 3142 (2023). 10.1109/TPWRD.2023.3270744 [Google Scholar]
- S. Huang, Q. Wu, W. Liao, G. Wu, X. Li, J. Wei, Adaptive droop-based hierarchical optimal voltage control scheme for vschvdc connected offshore wind farm, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 17, 8165 (2021). 10.1109/TII.2021.3065375 [Google Scholar]
- L. Huang, J. Coulson, J. Lygeros, F. Dörfler, Decentralized data-enabled predictive control for power system oscillation damping, IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 30, 1065 (2022). 10.1109/TCST.2021.3088638 [Google Scholar]
- M. Yang, Y. Li, H. Du, C. Li, Z. He, Hierarchical multiobjective h-infinity robust control design for wireless power transfer system using genetic algorithm, IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 27, 1753 (2019). 10.1109/TCST.2018.2814589 [Google Scholar]
- L. Huang, H. Xin, F. Dörfler, H-control of grid-connected converters: Design, objectives and decentralized stability certificates, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 11, 3805 (2020). 10.1109/TSG.2020.2984946 [Google Scholar]
- Q. Lam, A. Bratcu, D. Riu, Robustness analysis of primary frequency h control in stand-alone microgrids with storage units, IFAC-PapersOnLine 49, 123 (2016), iFAC Workshop on Control of Transmission and Distribution Smart Grids CTDSG 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.10.730 [Google Scholar]
- J.D. Watson, Y. Ojo, K. Laib, I. Lestas, A scalable control design for grid-forming inverters in microgrids, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 12, 4726 (2021). 10.1109/TSG.2021.3105730 [Google Scholar]
- S. Prasad, S. Purwar, N. Kishor, H-infinity based non-linear sliding mode controller for frequency regulation in interconnected power systems with constant and time-varying delays, IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 10, 2771 (2016), https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1049/iet-gtd.2015.1475. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2015.1475 [Google Scholar]
- B.E. Sedhom, M.M. El-Saadawi, A.Y. Hatata, E.E. Abd-Raboh, A multistage h-infinity–based controller for adjusting voltage and frequency and improving power quality in islanded microgrids, International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 30 (2020), cited by: 22; All Open Access, Gold Open Access. 10.1002/2050-7038.12143 [Google Scholar]
- S. Song, R.A. McCann, G. Jang, Cost-based adaptive droop control strategy for vsc-mtdc system, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 36, 659 (2021). 10.1109/TPWRS.2020.3003589 [Google Scholar]
- N. Ahmed, S. Zebirate, C. Abdelkader, Model predictive control of high voltage direct current based on voltage source converter transmission system, International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 14, 244 (2023). 10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i1.pp244-255 [Google Scholar]
- Y. Wang, W. Wen, C. Wang, H. Liu, X. Zhan, X. Xiao, Adaptive voltage droop method of multiterminal vsc-hvdc systems for dc voltage deviation and power sharing, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 34, 169 (2019). 10.1109/TPWRD.2018.2844330 [Google Scholar]
- A.A. Taffese, A.G. Endegnanew, S. D’Arco, E. Tedeschi, Power oscillation damping with virtual capacitance support from modular multilevel converters, IET Renewable Power Generation 14, 897 (2020), https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1049/iet-rpg.2019.0517.10.1049/iet-rpg.2019.0517 [Google Scholar]
- Z.C. Pulin Cao, Haoran Fan, Adaptive fractional-order pid control for vsc-hvdc systems via cooperative beetle antennae search with offshore wind integration, Energy Engineering 118, 265 (2021). 10.32604/EE.2021.014513 [Google Scholar]
- I. El Myasse, A. Watil, A. El Magri, A. Harrison, Nonlinear control design of three-level neutral-point-clamped-based high-voltage direct current systems for enhanced availability during ac faults with semi-experimental validation, Engineering Proceedings 56, 35 (2023). 10.3390/ASEC2023-15336 [Google Scholar]
- J. Stojkovic´, A. Lekic´, P. Stefanov, Adaptive control of hvdc links for frequency stability enhancement in low-inertia systems, Energies 13 (2020). 10.3390/en13236162 [Google Scholar]
- L.F. Normandia Lourenço, A. Iovine, G. Damm, A.J.S. Filho, Nonlinear controller for mmc-hvdc operating in grid-forming mode, IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 33, 229 (2025). 10.1109/TCST.2024.3467808 [Google Scholar]
- I. El Myasse, A. El Magri, A. Watil, S. Ashfaq, M. Kissaoui, R. Lajouad, Improvement of real-time state estimation performance in hvdc systems using an adaptive nonlinear observer, IFAC Journal of Systems and Control 27, 100244 (2024). 10.1016/j.ifacsc.2024.100244 [Google Scholar]
- N. Beheshti, M. Rezanejad, M. Mehrasa, Linearized control technique with lyapunov function-based compensators for mmc-based hvdc system under load variation and fault condition, International Journal of Electrical Power Energy Systems 124, 106333 (2021). 10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106333 [Google Scholar]
- C. Xing, M. Liu, J. Peng, Y. Wang, C. Shang, Z. Zheng, J. Liao, S. Gao, Frequency stability control strategy for voltage source converter-based multi-terminal dc transmission system, Energies 17 (2024). 10.3390/en17051195 [Google Scholar]
- F.A. Shifa, M.S.E. Moursi, V. Khadkikar, Fuzzy-adaptive droop gain selection for enhanced frequency support and dc voltage regulation in mtdc system, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems pp. 1–14 (2024). 10.1109/TPWRS.2024.3497138 [Google Scholar]
- L. Zhu, Q. Liu, S. Liu, Z. Wang, J. Meng, L. Gu, Z. Zhou, An adaptive neural fuzzy virtual inertia control method for vsc-hvdc system, Frontiers in Energy Research Volume 10 - 2022 (2023). 10.3389/fenrg.2022.1109277 [Google Scholar]
- I. El Myasse, A. El Magri, M. Kissaoui, R. Lajouad, F. Giri, A. Watil, L. Bahatti, Observer and nonlinear control design of vsc-hvdc transmission system, International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 145, 108609 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108609 [Google Scholar]
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.

